Even Ambedkarite Organisations and NON Brahamin Intellectuals have focused on OBC Headcount which eventually is ABORTED for the time being but they do not understand the GREAT EXCLUSION and the Total Destruction looming around. Even the organised Network like different factions of Bamcef failed to do anything to campaign Awareness about the Citizenship Amendment act, UID and Census itself.Yes, we should press for OBC headcount as we have been, but the Game is on and we should not loose the Ball!
Indian Holocaust My Father`s Life and Time - THREE HUNDRED NINETY Three
Palash Biswas
http://indianholocaustmyfatherslifeandtime.blogspot.com/
| Statistics On Demographic & Socio - Economic Characteristics | ||
Two months ago India began its latest national survey - the biggest census in the world, in which identity cards will be handed out for the first time.But it could not involve Mass Awareness necessary .
No Area Wise Notification Issued.
No NGO, MEDIA or Civil Society or Political Social Initiative was seen during last two months.
I have been writing and speaking on this topic from the beginning.
But could not get enough support as the Brahaminical Hegemony is ADAMANT to allow OBC headcount and the society is vertically divided.
The Manusmriti Rule sustained ensures every way to continue the EXCLUSION and Economic Ethnic Cleansing.
Citizenship Amendment Act, Unique Identity Card, Land Reform proposed to define Ownership and Economic Reforms have made CENSUS the BEST Tool of Killing and the Aboriginal Indigenous Minority Communities have NO idea about it as No Body is CONCERNED to be OMITTED out.
It is well known that UID and Census combined is all set to deprive at leas 700 Million people in India belonging to Non Brahaminical Class, of CITIZENSHIP, Property, Right to Education, Health, Employment, Movement, Livelihood, Access to Law and Administration with Single stroke.
As I have been omitted by the Census team which visited my Home only after I wrote an Open Letter to the President of India and Registrar General of India cared enough to respond.
I had some interaction with the Census officials who confirmed off the record that the FARM to note information for National Population Register has NOT reached at all in most of the cases.
They complained that the Privileged and Educated sections of the society are not COOPERATING while the Ignorant Majority Masses are quite UNAWARE of the Exercise.
This Morning, a Bamcef Activist from DUMDUM, Kamalesh Biswas, having talked to Census Officials called me and asked about the Implications of Census.
I have been interacting with each and every refugee Organisation and Activist countrywide whom I may know, but I could not Convince them enough to mobilise.
Only Friends in Dandakaranya, thanks to Refugee Coordination Vice President Shridam Biswas, General Secretary scientist Paramanand Gharami and the team, PATARU Hari Mandir Chief MR PADEE Babu did respond and they have done an excellent work amongst the Dandakaranya Refugees.
Since Bengali Refugees in Bengal are vertically divided between TMC and CPIM, they have NO time to think anything except the Power game in West Bengal which have already destroyed them and there is NO Chance of Revival or Resurgence even if Mamata has turned Matua and PARIVARTAN seems only subjective to time!
I am not Good in my Bengali as I have studied in English medium and have been writing in Hindi for more than 35 years.
Yes, I tried to write in Bengal seldom and some of my Bengali articles have also been published in Bengali.
The Exercise is time killing as I stand on Information Highway and always have Heavy Backlogs. Generally, in Bengal I am not entertained in any language as Media and Literature remain quite EXCLUSIVE and NO Anti Brahmin Pro Refugee Pro Ambedkarite writing seem possible.
For last two days, I had been in Keutia, at my cousin`s place for a family get together.
Kajal Adhikari, the son of Vijoy Sarkar informed me that the Vijoy Sarkar Memorial have Mobilised most of the Brahamin Intellectuals.
I met there an M. A in Economics whop head Horticulture Farm near Kalayani who claimed that Indian Constitution and the Role of Ambedkar are the main HINDRANCES in the way of India`s Economic Growth and No Body Protested.
I understandably could not convince him as he claims Academic superiority.
OBC head count Issue and Census go this way countrywide.
Even Ambedkarite Organisations and NON Brahamin Intellectuals have focused on OBC Headcount which eventually is ABORTED for the time being but they do not understand the GREAT EXCLUSION and the Total Destruction looming around.
Even the organised Network like diferent factions of Bamcef failed to do anything to campaign Awareness about the Citizenship Amendment act, UID and Census itself.Yes, we should press for OBC headcount as we have been, but the Game is on and we should not loose the Ball!
LIC to share database for UID projectEconomic Times - Jun 8, 2010 MUMBAI: The government's ambitious UID project will get a big boost, with country's largest insurer Life Insurance Corporation of India agreeing to share ... LIC to sign MoU with UIDAI: Sources Moneycontrol.com Intelenet bags UID call centre deal; outbids Wipro, GenpactEconomic Times - Jun 10, 2010 The UID project is being watched globally by governments, service providers and vendors because of the scale and complexity involved in providing a unique, ... Haryana signs unique identification MoUSify - Jun 10, 2010 'We would work closely with UIDAI to implement the UID project in the state. The most important thing is the enrolment and the duplication of resident ... Identification: Admn, UIDA sign MoU Indian Express LIC inks MoU with UIDAI to deliver identity numbers Hindustan Times First UID rollout could be by Aug Financial Express Govt nod for 'standardised approach' to collect data under UID projectHindu Business Line - May 18, 2010 ... Mr Nandan Nilekani, told reporters after the first meeting of Cabinet Committee on Unique Identification Authority of India. The UID project entails ... UID Project Is Moving In The Right Direction Techno Legal News (blog) UID key instrument to expand financial inclusion: UPA reportEconomic Times - Jun 1, 2010 The Unique Identification Number project of the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) chaired by IT czar Nandan Nilekani was recently renamed ... UK scraps National ID project; Will India's UID face the same fate? Moneylife Personal Finance Magazine Coordination panel for smooth rollout of unique numbers Times of India Questionable link Frontline LIC plans Rs2 lakh crore investment this fiscalDaily News & Analysis - - Jun 9, 2010 It will provide basic details like name, gender, address, birthdate and parents' names from its huge database for the UID project. ... RBI asks banks to put in place UID-compatible financial plansFinancial Express - Jun 11, 2010 "We expect that the UID project, when linked to the banking system, would help facilitate financial inclusion in a big way, said Deepali Pant Joshi, ... Why the UID number project must be scrappedRediff - Jun 3, 2010 In India too, there is a robust case against rejecting what has been rejected in the UK. The UID project is a blatant case of infringement of civil ... UID–GOI's technology leap Express Computer UID can make India more cohesive Little About (blog) New charter of citizen services using disruptive UID Express Computer BPOs may look for rural markets to cut costsEconomic Times - Jun 9, 2010 ... Plan (NeGP) which intends to cover areas such as road transport, education, employment exchanges as well as the unique identification (UID) project. ... India's Blind Race To Complete Unconstitutional ProjectsTechno Legal News And Views Journalists (blog) - - Jun 11, 2010 The Aadhar project/UID project of India would also face similar fate as it is also violative of civil liberties of Indians and is unconstitutional and ... |
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Unique Identification Authority of India
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Unique Identification Authority of India | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| भारतीय विशिष्ट पहचान प्राधिकरण | |||
 | |||
| UIDAI (Aadhaar UIDAI new logo) | |||
| Agency overview | |||
| Formed | February 2009 | ||
| Jurisdiction | Government of India (Union Government) | ||
| Headquarters | New Delhi | ||
| Agency executives | Nandan Nilekani, Chairman Ram Sewak Sharma, Director General and Mission Director | ||
| Website | |||
| http://uidai.gov.in | |||
 This article is part of the series: | |
| Other countries · Politics Portal |
The Unique Identification Authority of India (Hindi: भारतीय विशिष्ट पहचान प्राधिकरण), or the UIDAI, is an agency of the Government of India responsible for implementing the envisioned Multipurpose National Identity Card or Unique Identification card (UID Card) project in India. It was established in February 2009, and will own and operate the Unique Identification Number database.[1] The authority will aim at providing a unique number to all Indians, but not smart cards.[2] The authority would provide a database of residents containing very simple data in biometrics.[3]
The agency is headed by a chairman, holds a cabinet rank. The UIDAI is part of the Planning Commission of India.[1][4] Nandan Nilekani, a former co-chairman of Infosys Technologies, was appointed as the first Chairman of the authority in June 2009.[5]. Ram Sewak Sharma, an IAS Officer of Jharkhand Government cadre has been appointed as the Director General and Mission Director of the Authority. He is known for his best effort in e-Governance project for Jharkhand State and working as an IT secretary he received a number of awards for best Information Technology Trends State in India.
Contents[hide] |
[edit] Coverage, goals and logistics
It is believed that Unique National IDs will help address the rigged state elections, widespread embezzlement that affects subsidies and poverty alleviation programs such as NREGA.[6] Addressing illegal immigration into India and terrorist threats is another goal of the program.[7]
Most reports suggest that the plan is for each Indian citizen to have a unique identification number with associated identifying biometric data and photographs by 2011.[8] However, other reports claim that obtaining a unique number would be voluntary, but those that opt to stay out of the system "will find it very inconvenient: they will not have access to facilities that require you to cite your ID number."[2]
Government issued IDs are fragmented by purpose and region in India, which results in widespread bribery, denial of public services and loss of income, especially afflicting poor citizens.[9] As the unique identity database comes into existence, the various identity databases (voter ID, passports, ration cards, licenses, fishing permits, border area id cards) that already exist in India are planned to be linked to it.[2] The Authority is liaising with various national, state and local government entities to begin this process. The Union Labor Ministry has offered its verified Employment Provident Fund (EPFO) database of 42 million citizens as the first database to be integrated into the unique ID system.[10]
Other UID projects implemented on a smaller scale in India can also facilitate in the development of the national project. An example is a project developed by Wolf Frameworks Cloud Computing vendor and Social Education and Development Society (SEDS) for profiling and generating Unique Identification for more than 40,000 members in the Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh. [11]
The UID will link a person's Passport Number, Driving License, PAN card, Bank Accounts, Address, Voter ID etc and all this information will be checked through a database. So, if someone has a different addresses on PAN and driving license, is liable to get caught. Those who will opt out of this program will have much inconvenience in doing business, operating bank accounts and other offices which will require a UID.
UIDAI has headquarters in Delhi and a technology centre in Bangalore. It also has 6 regional offices in Chandigarh, Delhi, Lucknow, Ranchi, Guwahati, Mumbai, Hyderabad and Bangalore.[12]
[edit] Name and logo
UID project is known as AADHAAR meaning 'support', and its logo is a yellow sun with a fingerprint embedded in its centre. [13]
[edit] Projected costs and business opportunities
One estimate of the cost to completely roll-out National IDs to all Indian residents above the age of 18 has been placed at Rs 150,000 crore (US$ 31.95 billion).[14] A different estimate puts it at US$ 6 billion.[15] A sum of Rs. 100 crore (US$ 21.3 million) was approved in the 2009-2010 union budget to fund the agency for its first year of existence.[1]. UID has received a huge boost with Dr Pranab Mukherjee, Minister of Finance, allocating Rs 1900 crore to the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) for 2010-11.
Initial estimates project that the initiative will create 1000 new jobs in the country, and business opportunities worth Rs 6,500 crore (US$ 1.38 billion) in the first phase [8] of implementation.
[edit] Criticism
There are many potential privacy fallouts of this project, not the least of which is triggered by the Government's official plan to link the databases together.
Although there is sometimes a tension between individual privacy rights and national security, international law and India's domestic law expressly set a standard in tort law and through constitutional law to protect an individual's privacy from unlawful invasion. Under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), ratified by India, an individual's right to privacy is protected from arbitrary or unlawful interference by the state.
The Supreme Court also held the right to privacy to be implicit under article 21 of the Indian Constitution in Rajgopal v. State of Tamil Nadu. Moreover, India has enacted a number of laws that provide some protection for privacy. For example the Hindu Marriage Act, the Copyright Act, Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 and the Code of Criminal Procedure all place restrictions on the release of personal information. Privacy is a key concern with respect to the MNIC scheme as all of an individual's personal information will be stored in one database where the possibility of corruption and exploitation of data is far greater than when having the information disbursed. Several foreign citizens of Indian origin are living in India as Indians. They act as Indians such that they can easily open bank accounts, get phone connections, Driving license, PAN card etc These people would be in trouble when UID is implemented.
Risks that arise from this centralisation include possible errors in the collection of information, recording of inaccurate data, corruption of data from anonymous sources, and unauthorised access to or disclosure of personal information.Other countries with national identification systems have confronted numerous problems with similar risks such as trading and selling of information, and India, which has no generally established data protection laws such as the U.S. Federal Privacy Statute or the European Directive on Data Protection, is ill-equipped to deal with such problems. The centralised nature of data collection inherent in the MNIC proposal only heightens the risk of misuse of personal information and therefore potentially violates privacy rights. In consideration of the risks involved in the creation of a centralized database of personal information, it is imperative that such a programme not be established without the proper mechanisms to ensure the security of each individual's privacy rights. Unfortunately, India's proposed MNIC programme lacks any provision for judicial review at the present time. Without credible and independent oversight, there is a risk of 'mission creep' for MNICs; the government may add features and additional data to the MNIC database bureaucratically and reflexively, without reevaluating the effects on privacy in each instance. Implementation.
References
- UID Watch Initiative
- Fallacies And Possible Abuses Of UID
- Individuals Who Saved Aadhar Project Of India
- How Aadhar Project Of India Is Violating Civil Liberties Of Indians
- ^ a b c "Rs.100 crore for Unique Identification Project", The Hindu, 17 February 2009, http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/17/stories/2009021756751000.htm, retrieved 2009-06-26, "... The Unique Identification Authority of India is being established under the aegis of the Planning Commission for which a notification has been issued in January 2009. A provision of Rs.100 crore has been made in the annual Plan 2009-10 for this ..."
- ^ a b c "Nilekani to give numbers, ministries to issue cards", The Economic Times, 16 July 2009, http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Nilekani-to-give-numbers-ministries-to-issue-cards/articleshow/4782505.cms, retrieved 2009-07-18
- ^ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/4812763.cms
- ^ "India gets Info czar in Nilekani", The Statesman, 25 June 2009, http://www.thestatesman.net/page.news.php?clid=1&theme=&usrsess=1&id=258987, retrieved 2009-06-25, "... Nandan M Nilekani ... will be the chairman of the Unique Identification Database Authority of India under the aegis of the Planning Commission ... Mr Nilekani will have the rank and status of a Cabinet minister ..."
- ^ http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=49370
- ^ Bajaj, Vikas (25 June 2009), "India Undertakes Ambitious ID Card Plan", The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/26/world/asia/26india.html?ref=global-home, retrieved 2009-06-26, "... Policy makers see a national ID card as critical to improving the delivery of social services, subsidies and other government programs while also strengthening national security ... the majority of aid earmarked for the poor does not reach them, and it is hard for the government to detect embezzlement and misuse of funds ..."
- ^ "Nilekani first chief of Unique 'ID' project", The Assam Tribune, 25 June 2009, http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/details.asp?id=jun2609/at08, retrieved 2009-06-26, "... For long, national identity cards have been advocated to enhance national security, prevent potential terrorist attacks and stop illegal immigration, said officials ..."
- ^ a b "National ID card project", Indiatimes Infotech, 1 July 2009, http://infotech.indiatimes.com/quickiearticleshow/4716195.cms, retrieved 2009-07-01, "... Some estimates suggest that the project will create at least an 100,000 additional jobs in the country in the next three years ... According to the plan, govt proposes to issue a unique identification number to all citizens by 2011 ..."
- ^ "ID'ing the masses may solve Indian identity crisis", Associated Press, 17 July 2009, http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5in-4HjGNPD33PqF5WGPvx4m_jewQD99G25900, retrieved 2009-07-18, "... For long, national identity cards have been advocated to enhance national security, prevent potential terrorist attacks and stop illegal immigration, said officials ..."
- ^ "Nilekani may get EPFO database for UID project", Indian Express, 18 July 2009, http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Nilekani-may-get-EPFO-database-for-UID-project/491049, retrieved 2009-07-18, "... "This is an opportunity for us to get ID cards for the subscribers of EPFO and ESI. We would like the EPFO subscribers to be first beneficiaries of the Unique Identity Card (UID) project," a senior Labour Ministry official told The Indian Express ..."
- ^ http://www.mydigitalfc.com/opportunities/miniature-uid-project-ap-002
- ^ http://uidai.gov.in/documents/Organisational-Structure.pdf
- ^ http://beta.thehindu.com/news/national/article410397.ece?homepage=true
- ^ "Citizen IDs to cost Rs 1.5 lakh crore", The Times of India, 26 June 2009, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Citizen-IDs-to-cost-Rs-15-lakh-crore/articleshow/4703794.cms, retrieved 2009-06-26, "... It is estimated that this gigantic and complex exercise will involve an expenditure of over Rs 1.5 lakh crore ..."
- ^ "इंफोसिस से विदा लेंगे नंदन नीलकेणि Nilekani will bid adieu to Infosys", OneIndia Hindi, 25 June 2009, http://thatshindi.oneindia.in/news/2009/06/25/nilekani-quits-infy-board.html, retrieved 2009-06-26, "... इस महत्वाकांक्षी प्रोजेक्ट पर करीब छह अरब डालर का ख़र्च होगा (this ambitious project will cost about $6 billion) ... नीलकेणि को कैबिनेट मंत्री का दर्ज़ा मिलेगा (Nilekani will receive the rank of a cabinet minister) ..."
[edit] See also
- Official Website of UIDAI
- View & vote on UID
- Civil Liberty Issues Of Aadhar Project Of India/UID Project Of India
Every decade since 1872, officials have gone forth and counted how Indians have multiplied. This latest survey is inevitably the largest yet. There are now thought to be 1.18 billion Indians, though nobody actually knows.
The first part of the vast logistic exercise is almost finished. It has involved 2.3 million so-called enumerators travelling to more than 630,000 villages and more than 5000 cities, not just logging how many people live in any one place - including the homeless, and establishing identity and age - but also noting details such as if a household has airconditioning, a car, phones and internet access as well as basics such as water and power.
One controversial question is that of caste, the ancient Hindu social hierarchy that is still strong in much of society and leads to widespread discrimination. A suggestion that the census specifically list the caste of every individual has sparked angry public debate.
Critics say it would be a backward step. Supporters say precise statistics will reveal what they say is the continuing domination of society by those at the top of the caste ladder.
The Indian Census is the most credible source of information on Demography (Population characteristics), Economic Activity, Literacy & Education, Housing & Household Amenities, Urbanization, Fertility and Mortality, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Language, Religion, Migration, Disability and many other socio-cultural and demographic data since 1872. Census 2011 will be the 15th National Census of the country.
Official Link : http://censusindia.gov.in/
This is the only source of primary data at village, town and ward level. It provides valuable information for planning and formulation of polices for Central & State Governments and is widely used by National & International agencies, scholars, business people, industrialists, and many more.
The delimitation/reservation of Constituencies – Parliamentary/Assembly/Panchayats and other Local Bodies is also done on the basis of the demographic data thrown up by the Census. Census is the basis for reviewing the country's progress in the past decade, monitoring the on-going schemes of the Government and most importantly, plan for the future.
Visit censusindia.gov.in for Frequently asked questions, Census 2011 countdown – Schedules, Manuals, Circulars / Presentations, Acts and Rules and online Data on Previous Census. The data collected will be subjected to de-duplication by the UIDAI. After de-duplication, the UIDAI will issue a UID Number.
Official Website of Office of the Registrar General & Census ...
Census of India 2011
Dated : February 15, 2010, ORGI, Guidelines for Organising Training Classes for Houselisting Operations during Census of India - 2011 ...
censusindia.gov.in/2011-Circulars/Circular.html - Cachedcensusindia.gov.in India 2010 Census Report, India Population ...
4 May 2010 ... Census of India 2011 Our Census, Our Future The Indian Census is the most credible source of information on Demography (Population ...
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census - 18 hours ago - Cached - SimilarDemographics of India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rural-Urban distribution Census of India: Census Data 2001: India at a glance >> Rural-Urban .... This page was last modified on 6 June 2010 at 14:18. ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_India - Cached - SimilarIndia Census 2010
In an update on forthcoming all-India census you can list the details that people have to be ready with so that the proc.
www.slideshare.net/nik1409/india-census-2010 - United States - CachedIndia Census 2010 Starts, India's Largest Initiative Ever ...
3 Apr 2010 ... The country, on Thursday, took up one of its biggest intiatives yet, of counting its 1.2 billion population in the decennial census.
www.fullhyderabad.com/.../india-census-2010-starts-indias-largest-initiative-ever-492 - CachedCensus of India 2011 to be a historical landmark
30 Mar 2010 ... NEW DELHI - The nation is all set to embark on the largest census exercise, ever undertaken probably in the world, with Census 2011 on ...
breakingnews.gaeatimes.com/2010/.../census-of-india-2011-to-be-a-historical-landmark-18844/ - CachedCensus - Profile - Know India: National Portal of India
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Sharad Yadav castes doubt on govtEconomic Times - May 27, 2010 NEW DELHI: The government's decision to set up a group of ministers (GoM) on including caste in the on-going census exercise drew flak from JD(U) chief ... PM puts lid on caste count by setting up GoM on modalitiesTimes of India - - May 27, 2010 NEW DELHI: After a short but intense debate at Wednesday's Cabinet meeting,Prime Minister Manmohan Singh settled the question whether to include caste in ... BJP may have second thoughts on caste census?The Hindu - - May 27, 2010 NEW DELHI:The Bharatiya Janata Party seems to be hoping to paper over its differences with its parent body, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, on the issue of ... MoS Maken asks young MPs to oppose caste censusIndian Express - May 27, 2010 Giving a fresh twist to the caste headcount controversy, a new pressure group of young MPs — aligned against caste-based Census — appears to be in the ... Cong gives nod to include caste data in censusBusiness Standard - May 27, 2010 The Congress brass has decided to include caste-wise data as a part of the government's ongoing exercise to compile the census details by 2011. ... GoM is a delaying tactic, says SharadHindustan Times - May 27, 2010 A day after the Cabinet decided to refer the caste census issue to a Group of Ministers (GoM), there were strong reactions on the issue. ... Ajay Maken's letter to MPs on caste censusNDTV.com - May 27, 2010 At a time when the Cabinet has referred the issue of caste census to a Group of Ministers (GoM), Congress MP Ajay Maken has now written to about 70-odd ... Census question over caste identity divides IndiaThe Associated Press - - May 27, 2010 NEW DELHI — Bollywood's biggest star has an answer ready if census workers ask about his caste: "Indian." "My father never believed in caste, and neither do ... Govt sends caste census to GoMEconomic Times - May 26, 2010 NEW DELHI: The contentious proposal to hold a caste-based census has been referred to a GoM, likely to be headed by finance minister Pranab Mukherjee. ... GoM to be set up on caste censusThe Hindu - - May 26, 2010 New Delhi: The United Progressive Alliance government decided on Wednesday to set up a Group of Ministers (GOM) on the issue of caste enumeration in Census ... | Timeline of articlesNumber of sources covering this story
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Caste census: After Maken, Moily ticked off?Times of India - May 29, 2010 NEW DELHI: A day after after it disapproved of minister of state for home Ajay Maken's letter to party MPs seeking to mobilize them against caste-based ... Moily wanted caste census, Registrar General said noIndian Express - May 29, 2010 Much before the controversial caste-based census issue was referred to a Group of Ministers (GoM) last week, the Office of the Registrar General (ORG) which ... Moily told to clam up on caste censusHindustan Times - May 29, 2010 The Congress's top leadership on Saturday conveyed to Law Minister Veerappa Moily not to air his views on the caste census in public, seeking to end to the ... Caste conundrumSify - May 29, 2010 And here's the latest on the caste-and-census conundrum. It now transpires that, shaken by the number of castes in our country (30000, at last count), ... Caste in Indian census will set clock back (Comment)Sify - May 28, 2010 That caste has been one of the most divisive forces for centuries has never been in doubt. Its segmentation of Indian society into various mutually ... Congress leadership pulls up Maken for writing letter opposing caste censusThe Hindu - - May 28, 2010 The Congress leadership has taken a serious view of Union Minister of State for Home Ajay Maken writing to young MPs, cutting across party lines, ... Chorus for talks louder after Maken letterHindustan Times - May 28, 2010 There are growing voices in the Congress for a discussion within the party on the caste-based census issue that the Group of Ministers (GoM) will look into. ... Caste census is in downtrodden's interests: MulayamSify - May 28, 2010 Samajwadi Party president Mulayam Singh Yadav Friday reiterated his support for a caste-based census, terming it to be in the 'larger interest of the ... Caste-ing the dice: India's dangerous gambleSify - - May 28, 2010 We've been speaking of abolishing caste since Independence. Yet, we know we never will. We speak about 'the evils of the caste system' in schools, ... Congress frowns upon Maken's letter opposing caste censusSify - May 28, 2010 The Congress Friday expressed disapproval of Minister of State for Home Ajay Maken urging young members of parliament in a letter to oppose demands for ... | Timeline of articlesNumber of sources covering this story
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| 2011-Circulars | |||||
| Circular No./ Date | Issuing Authority | Subject | View File | ||
| Census Circular No.-19 Dated : March 8, 2010 | ORGI | Preparation of Charge Map, Supervisory Circle Map and Layout map for enumerators |  | ||
| Census Circular No.-18 Dated : April 27, 2010 | ORGI | Houselisting Operations – Handling of filled-in Schedules and other documents | | ||
| Dispatch instruction of Census material. (D O P) | ORGI | Instructions regarding Return Despatch of Census material by Department of Posts (DOP) | | ||
| Census Circular No.-17 Dated : March 3, 2010 | ORGI | Publicity for Houselisting Operations & NPR during Census of India 2011 through Radio, Audiovisuals, Posters etc. | | ||
| Census Circular No.-16 Dated : March 3, 2010 | ORGI | Preparation of District Census Plan | | ||
| Census Circular No.-15 Dated : March 2, 2010 | ORGI | Duties of the Census Officers | | ||
| Census Circular No.-14 Dated : February 25, 2010 | ORGI | Responsibilities and duties of the public under the Census Act, 1948 and Issue of Notification by the State Government/UT Administrations directing the public to cooperate in smooth conduct of Census of India 2011 | | ||
| Census Circular No.-13 Dated : March 19, 2010 | ORGI | Preparation of list of villages for each 'Panchayat' of all the districts in a State/UT to generate Panchayat-wise Primary Census Abstract (PCA) during Census of India 2011 Annexure of Circular No.13 | | ||
| Census Circular No.12 Dated : February 15, 2010 | ORGI | Guidelines for Organising Training Classes for Houselisting Operations during Census of India - 2011 State-Wise list of NGO'S No.of MTS_MTF | | ||
| Census Circular No.-11 Dated : February 4, 2010 | ORGI | Preparation of Village Register, Town Register and Charge Register for the Houselisting Operations. Charge Register-10th | | ||
| Census Circular No.-10 Dated : January 28, 2010 | ORGI | Guidelines for formation of Houselisting Blocks and Housenumbering during Houselisting Operations Town Schedules Village Directory | | ||
| Census Circular No.-09 Dated : January 20, 2010 | ORGI | Guidelines for use of new census Logo. | | ||
| Census Circular No.-08 Dated : January 20, 2010 | ORGI | Formation and identification of Slum Enumeration Blocks for Slum Demography | | ||
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| A. What is Census? How is it useful? B. What is the National Population Register? What is its use? C. How will both these exercises be conducted? D. Will an Identity Card be given? E. Who will collect the Information? F. What information will be collected? G. Will my Information be disclosed to anybody? H. How will I know that Census is being conducted? I. Whom do I contact in case my house is not covered? J. How do I ensure that the information given by me is being correctly entered? K. Do I need to show any documents to the enumerator? L. What is the Link between NPR and Unique ID Authority of India (UIDAI)? M. How the Indians working/living abroad will be registered in National Population Register? N. Can I send my census/NPR information electronically? | |||
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| Census - Houselisting and NPR Schedules | |||
| Sl.No. | Language | Houselisting | NPR |
| 1. | Bengali |  | |
| 2. | English | | |
| 3. | Gujarati | | |
| 4. | Hindi | | |
| 5. | Kannada | | |
| 6. | Konkani | | |
| 6. | Malayalam | | |
| 7. | Marathi | | |
| 8. | Nepali | | |
| 9. | Oriya | | |
| 10. | Tamil | | |
| 11. | Telugu | | |
| SDDS Data Category and Component | Unit of Description | Period of latest data | Latest Data *** | Previous Data | Percentage change from previous to last period |
| Population**, # | In Millions | 2001 Census | 1028.7 | 846 | 21.3% |
| Note: '***' - The final popualtion includes estimated population of Mao Maram, Paomata and Purul subdivisions of Senapati district of Manipur where census results were cancelled due to administrative and technical reasons although a population census was carried out in these sub-divisions as per schedule. The estimated population of these three sub-divisions are: Mao Maram : 69,131, Paomata : 27,065 and Purul : 30,912. More '#' - Population under the column 'Previous Data' refers to the 1991 Census data and includes projected population of Jammu & Kashmir state where 1991 Census could not be conducted due to disturbed condition prevailing there at the time of the census. | |||||
http://censusindia.gov.in/
Caste based Census
Surendra Mohan
The enumeration of the Indian population on caste basis was done only in 1931. After that, it was not thought advisable to do so. Yet, the constitution makers were not oblivious of the caste factor in the society and provided for special opportunities for the backward classes in it. Yet,while the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes were given reservations in public employment, education and in elections to Union and State Legislatures, the Other Backward Castes were denied any such preferential opportunities. The enumeration of the SCs and the STs became necessary since they were given reservations, but there was no general caste based census. However, as per the constitution's mandate, the Central Government appointed the Kaka Kalelkar Commission to recommend special opportunities for the OBCs. Its recommendations were not accepted, by it, but it left the matter to be dealt with by the State Governments. In some States in the South, special opportunities for the OBCs already existed and by the 1980's, almost all States had provided for such opportunities for them. Moreover, the dispute whether backward classes could be interpreted as backward castes was settled by the Supreme Court, and castes were accepted as such in respect of the constitutional provisions
The National Front Government decided in 1990 to accept some recommendations of the Mandal commission, and all hell broke loose. Questions were raised as to how the Commission had estimated the exact proportion of the OBCs in the population, what criteria it had adopted in determining which were the OBCs and why it had adopted whole castes as backward when the socio- economic conditions within a caste differed from individual to individual. Some leaders also asked why the economic criteria were not applied. The Supreme Court rejected various pleas against the acceptance of the Mandal Commission's recommendations, but wanted the creamy layer among them to be excluded in providing special mopportunities.
However, there is a strong body of opinion in the country which challenges caste based criteria as it considers the institution of caste to be an obsolete one, taking the society in a backward direction. Modernists, liberals and Marxists have been arguing these points for long. The Marxists stress that class analysis of the society is appropriate and will help in the removal of economic injustices. However, caste remains the foundation of the society. It is not that the Hindus alone have castes; the demands for reservations in favour of Muslim backwards and dalit Christians show clearly that this institution exits among them as well. On all social occasions, the caste is present. Most marriages in India are caste based; laws of inheritance and adoption also are based on caste. In elections, almost all parties look at the caste profile in the constituencies to decide their candidates. Unfortunate as it might appear, this is the harsh reality.
The hierarchical nature of the caste system, the exclusive structures it has maintained for centuries and its stability in respect of social ranking and in defining the vacations of various castes have worked to stultify the society and create vast and unjust distances of social and economic status. The constitution has therefore provided special opportunities for the socially and educationally backwards, which is necessary to pull the society towards justice and thereby move forward. These opportunities help in accelerating social mobility. Any measure that strengthens this movement, including a caste based census which gives correct figures about the OBCs in particular,, should be welcomed.
The Mandal Commission had based its findings on two factors: the census in 1931 and its own survey based on certain socio- economic criteria. But, the critics felt that the figures of that census could not be held valid after sixty years. Since then, two decades have passed, and that criticism appears to have become more valid, though it needs to be added that no cataclysmic changes have altered the caste profile of the society in any significant manner. Even so, it is appropriate that the figures are made up to date.
As census after census has shown, the rate of the growth of population has differed from State to State. In the southern States, it has been falling significantly, but in the northern States, its decrease is much slower. Possibly, sections of population in the States have also registered such changes. The Scheduled Castes are known to produce more children because of social insecurity as the only support of the old and the destitute among them is the male progeny. Therefore, their proportion in the population might have increased. On the other hand, the Scheduled Tribes' population might have been affected by the displacements of hundreds of millions owing to mistaken policies of development and the inability of the authorities concerned to provide for their rehabilitation. However, all these are conjectures, though not as wild as those made by the Vishva Hindu Parishad about the increase in the proportion of the Muslims in the total population in the country.
Only a caste based census can help decide about such conjectures. Such a census will provide the policy makers and the administrators rough and ready material for guidance. Since the present census is also designed to determining the economic status of an individual, the profile of the population that it will yield will show a realistic social and economic profile of the society.
There is a misplaced apprehension that the enumeration of castes will fuel tensions among various castes. All local communities have known their social composition, and have lived together with whatever social problems have arisen from time to time. Caste census would neither upset social balance in a locality, nor create any other disturbance. If the enumeration of the SCs/ STs in earlier censuses has not created any such complications, why should the enumeration of all the castes produce anxieties? This census should have been conducted after the constitution provided for special opportunities. Even if belatedly, it will perform several useful functions. Hence, it needs to be supported.
Demographics of India
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Demographics of India | |
|---|---|
 Population of India, 1961-2003 | |
| Population: | 1,180,166,000 (2010 est) |
| Growth rate: | 1.548% (2009 est) |
| Birth rate: | 22.22 births/1,000 population (2009 est) |
| Death rate: | 6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2009 est) |
| Life expectancy: | 69.89 years (2009 est) |
| –male: | 67.46 years (2009 est) |
| –female: | 72.61 years (2009 est) |
| Fertility rate: | 2.72 children born/woman (NFHS-3, 2008) |
| Infant mortality rate: | {{{infant_mortality}}} |
| Age structure: | |
| 0-14 years: | 31.1% (male 190,075,426/female 172,799,553) (2009 est) |
| 15-64 years: | 63.6% (male 381,446,079/female 359,802,209) (2009 est) |
| 65-over: | 5.3% (male 29,364,920/female 32,591,030) (2009 est) |
| Sex ratio: | |
| At birth: | 1.12 male(s)/female (2009) |
| Under 15: | 1.10 male(s)/female (2009) |
| 15-64 years: | 1.06 male(s)/female (2009) |
| 65-over: | 0.90 male(s)/female (2009) |
| Nationality: | |
| Language: | |
| Official: | Hindi, English |
The demographics of India are remarkably diverse. India is the second-largest populated country in the world with over 1.18 billion people (estimate for April, 2010) and consists of more than one-sixth of the world's population. It contributes 17.31% of the world's population and projected that India will be the largest populated country by 2025 surpassing China, and by 2050 it will have over 1.6 billion people.[1][2] India has more than two thousand ethnic groups, and every major religion is represented, as are four major families of languages (Indo-European, Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman languages) as well as a language isolate (the Nihali language[3] spoken in parts of Maharashtra).
Further complexity is lent by the great variation that occurs across this population on social parameters such as income and education. Only the continent of Africa exceeds the linguistic, genetic and cultural diversity of the nation of India.[4]
Contents[hide] |
[edit] Salient features
India occupies 2.4% of the world's land area and supports over 17.5% of the world's population. India has more arable land area than any country except the United States,[5] and more water area than any country except Canada and the United States. Indian life revolves mostly around agriculture and allied activities in small villages, where the overwhelming majority of Indians live. As per the 2001 census, 72.2% of the population[6] lives in about 638,000 villages[7] and the remaining 27.8%[8] lives in more than 5,100 towns and over 380 urban agglomerations.[9]
[edit] Religious demographics
| Religious Composition | Population | (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Hindus | 827,578,868 | 80.5% |
| Muslims | 138,188,240 | 13.4% |
| Christians | 24,080,016 | 2.3% |
| Sikhs | 19,215,730 | 1.9% |
| Buddhists | 7,955,207 | 0.8% |
| Jains | 4,225,053 | 0.4% |
| Other Religions & Persuasions | 6,639,626 | 0.6% |
| Religion not stated | 727,588 | 0.1% |
| Total | 1,028,610,328 | 100.0% |
India contains the majority of the world's Zoroastrians, Sikhs, Hindus, Jains and Bahá'í. India is also home to the third-largest Muslim population in the world after Indonesia and Pakistan.
Religious majorities vary greatly by state. Jammu and Kashmir and Lakshadweep are Muslim majority states; Nagaland, Mizoram and Meghalaya are Christian majority; Punjab is mostly Sikh; It is to be noted that while participants in the Indian census may choose to not declare their religion, there is no mechanism for a person to indicate that he/she does not adhere to any religion. Due to this limitation in the Indian census process, the data for persons not affiliated with any religion may not be accurate.
The table below summarizes the findings of the 2001 census with regards to religion in India:
- All figures in %.
- Others including Bahá'ís, Jews, and Parsis.
- Tribal Animists (and non religious) are grouped under Others after 1926 (1931 census onwards)
Composition | Hindus[11] | Muslims[12] | Christians[13] | Sikhs[14] | Buddhist[15] | Jains[16] | Others[17] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % total of population 2005 | 80.5% | 13.4% | 2.3% | 1.9% | 0.8% | 0.4% | 0.6% |
| 10-Yr Growth % (est '91–'01)[18]* | 20.3% | 29.5% | 22.6% | 18.2% | 24.5% | 26.0% | 103.1% |
| Sex ratio† (avg. 944) | 935 | 940 | 1009 | 895 | 955 | 940 | 1000 |
| Literacy rate (avg. 79.9) | 75.5 | 60.0 | 90.3 | 70.4 | 73.0 | 95.0 | 50.0 |
| Work Participation Rate | 40.4 | 31.3 | 39.7 | 37.7 | 40.6 | 32.9 | 48.4 |
| Rural sex ratio[18] | 944 | 953 | 1001 | 895 | 958 | 937 | 995 |
| Urban sex ratio[18] | 922 | 907 | 1026 | 886 | 944 | 941 | 966 |
| Child sex ratio (0–6 yrs) | 925 | 950 | 964 | 786 | 942 | 870 | 976 |
N.B. Table excludes Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul subdivisions of Senapati District of Manipur state.
* The data is "unadjusted" (without excluding Assam and Jammu and Kashmir); 1981 census was not conducted in Assam and 1991 census was not conducted in Jammu and Kashmir.
† No. of females/1000 males.
[edit] Linguistic demographics
43% of the Hindus speak Hindi while the rest speak Bangla, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Assamese and other languages. Almost 45% of the Muslims speak Urdu while the rest speak Bangla, Hindi, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Telugu, Tamil, Gujarati, Assamese and other languages. About one-third of the Christians speak Malayalam, one-sixth speak Tamil while the rest speak a variety of languages. In total, there are 1,652 languages and dialects spoken in India.[19]
Languages of India by number of native speakers as per the 2001 census[20]| Rank | Language | Speakers | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hindi dialects[21] | 422,048,642 | 41.03% |
| 2 | Bengali | 83,369,769 | 8.11% |
| 3 | Telugu | 74,002,856 | 7.19% |
| 4 | Marathi | 71,936,894 | 6.99% |
| 5 | Tamil | 60,793,814 | 5.91% |
| 6 | Urdu | 51,536,111 | 5.01% |
| 7 | Gujarati | 46,091,617 | 4.48% |
| 8 | Kannada | 37,924,011 | 4.69% |
| 9 | Malayalam | 33,066,392 | 3.21% |
| 10 | Oriya | 33,017,446 | 3.21% |
| 11 | Punjabi | 29,102,477 | 2.83% |
| 12 | Assamese | 13,168,484 | 1.28% |
| 13 | Maithili | 12,179,122 | 1.18% |
| 14 | Bhili/Bhilodi | 9,582,957 | 0.95% |
| 15 | Santali | 6,469,600 | 0.63% |
| 16 | Kashmiri | 5,527,698 | 0.54% |
| 17 | Nepali | 2,871,749 | 0.28% |
| 18 | Gondi | 2,713,790 | 0.27% |
| 19 | Sindhi | 2,535,485 | 0.25% |
| 20 | Konkani | 2,489,015 | 0.24% |
| 21 | Dogri | 2,282,589 | 0.22% |
| 22 | Khandeshi | 2,075,258 | 0.21% |
| 23 | Kurukh | 1,751,489 | 0.17% |
| 24 | Tulu | 1,722,768 | 0.17% |
| 25 | Meitei (Manipuri) | 1,466,705* | 0.14% |
| 26 | Bodo | 1,350,478 | 0.13% |
| 27 | Khasi | 1,128,575 | 0.112% |
| 28 | Mundari | 1,061,352 | 0.105% |
| 29 | Ho | 1,042,724 | 0.103% |
N.B. The percentage of speakers of each language for 2001 has been worked out on the total population of India (excluding Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul subdivisions of Senapati District of Manipur state due to cancellation of census results).
* Excludes Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul of Senapati District.
[edit] CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.
1,166,079,217 (July 2009 est. CIA)[23] 1,028.7 million (2001 Census final figures, March 1 enumeration and estimated 124,000 in areas of Manipur that could not be covered in the enumeration)
72.2%, male: 381,668,992, female: 360,948,755 (2001 Census)
Urban Population
Age structure:
0–14 years: 30.8%, male: 188,208,196, female: 171,356,024
15–64 years: 64.3%, male: 386,432,921, female: 364,215,759
65+ years: 4.9%, male: 27,258,259, female: 30,031,289 (2007 est.)
Median age:
25.1 years
1.548% (2009 est.)
Birth rate21.76 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Death rate6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2009 est.)
79.9%
Percent of the population under the poverty line22% (2006 est.)
Unemployment Rate7.8%
Net migration rate− -0.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.12 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.098 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 1.061 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.908 male(s)/female
total population: 1.064 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
total: 30.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.) male: 34.61 deaths/1,000 live births female: 25.17 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 69.89 years
male: 67.46 years
female: 72.61 years (2007 est.)
2.72 children born/woman (2009 est.) The TFR (Total number of children born per women) according to Religion in 2001 was :
Hindus — 2.0 Muslims — 2.4 Sikhs — 1.6 Christians — 2.1 Buddhists — 2.1 Jains — 1.4 Animists and Others — 2.99 Tribals — 3.16 Scheduled Castes — 2.89[citation needed]
Nationality
noun: Indian(s)
adjective: Indian
Hindu 80.5% Muslim 13.4% Christian 2.3% Sikh 1.8% Buddhists 0.8% Jains 0.4% others 0.7% unspecified 0.1% (2001 Census) [24][25] [26].[27]
Scheduled Castes and TribesScheduled Castes: 16.2% (2001 Census) Scheduled Tribes: 8.2% (2001 Census)
Languages: See Languages of India and List of Indian languages by total speakers. There are 216 languages with more than 10,000 native speakers in India. The largest of these is Hindi with some 337 million (the second largest being Bangla with some 207 million). 22 languages are recognized as official languages. In India, there are 1,652 languages and dialects in total.[19][28]
[edit] 2020 Estimate
Table 2: Population Projections (in millions)
| Year | Under 15 | 15–64 | 65+ | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 361 | 604 | 45 | 1010 |
| 2005 | 368 | 673 | 51 | 1093 |
| 2010 | 370 | 747 | 58 | 1175 |
| 2015 | 372 | 819 | 65 | 1256 |
| 2020 | 373 | 882 | 76 | 1331 |
Source: Based on P.N. Mari Bhat, "Indian Demographic Scenario 2025", Institute of Economic Growth, New Delhi, Discussion Paper No. 27/2001.
[edit] Ethnic groups
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The national Census of India does not recognize racial or ethnic groups within India,[29] but recognizes many of the tribal groups as Scheduled Castes and Tribes (see list of Scheduled Tribes in India).
It should be noted that Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman and Austro-Asiatic are mainly linguistic terms and denote speakers of these linguistic groups.
For a list of ethnic groups in the Republic of India (as well as neighboring countries) see ethnic groups of the Indian subcontinent or the tree diagram above.
[edit] Genetics
[edit] Y-chromosome DNA
Y-Chromosome DNA Y-DNA represents the male lineage, The Indian Y-chromosome pool may be summarized as follows where haplogroups R1a, H, R2, L & NOP comprise generally more than 80% of the total chromosomes.[32]
[edit] Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA mtDNA represents the female lineage. The Indian mitochondrial DNA, which is primarily made up of Haplogroup M[33]
- Haplogroup M ~ 60%
- Haplogroup UK ~ 15%
- Haplogroup N ~ 25% (Excluding UK)
[edit] See also
- 15th Indian national census
- List of most populous cities in India
- List of most populous metropolitan areas in India
- List of states and union territories of India by population
- Ethnic groups of India
- National Commission on Population
- Indian diaspora
- Geography of India
- Racial groups of India
- Caste system in India
[edit] References
- ^ BBC - India's population 'to be biggest' in the planet
- ^ United States Census Bureau - International Data Base (IDB)
- ^ SIL International. "Ethnologue report for Language Isolate". http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=90087. Retrieved 2007-10-11.
- ^ India, a Country Study United States Library of Congress, Note on Ethnic groups
- ^ GM Crops Around the World – an accurate picture GM Freeze, Table 3
- ^ Rural-Urban distribution Census of India: Census Data 2001: India at a glance >> Rural-Urban Distribution. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved on 2008-11-26.
- ^ Number of Villages Census of India: Number of Villages Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved on 2008-11-26.
- ^ Rural-Urban distribution Census of India: Census Data 2001: India at a glance >> Rural-Urban Distribution. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved on 2008-11-26.
- ^ Urban Agglomerations and Towns Census of India: Urban Agglomerations and Towns. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved on 2008-11-26.
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Tables: Profiles by main religions: Hindus". Census of India: Census Data 2001: India at a glance >> Religious Composition. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
- ^ "Tables: Profiles by main religions: Muslims". Census of India: Census Data 2001: India at a glance >> Religious Composition. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
- ^ "Tables: Profiles by main religions: Christians". Census of India: Census Data 2001: India at a glance >> Religious Composition. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
- ^ "Tables: Profiles by main religions: Sikhs". Census of India 2001: Census Data 2001: India at a glance >> Religious Composition. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
- ^ "Tables: Profiles by main religions: Buddhists". Census of India: Census Data 2001: India at a glance >> Religious Composition. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
- ^ "Tables: Profiles by main religions: Jains". Census of India: Census Data 2001: India at a glance >> Religious Composition. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
- ^ "Tables: Profiles by main religions: Other religions". Census of India: Census Data 2001: India at a glance >> Religious Composition. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
- ^ a b c "Census of India.". Census of India. Census Data 2001: India at a glance >> Religious Composition. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
- ^ a b Mother Tongues of India According to the 1961 Census
- ^ Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2000, Census of India, 2001
- ^ includes Western Hindi, Eastern Hindi, Bihari languages, Rajasthani languages and Pahari languages.
- ^ National Population Policy of India
- ^ CIA World Factbook -- India
- ^ Religious Composition Census of India: Census Data 2001: India at a glance >> Religious Composition. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved on 2008-11-26.
- ^ International Religious Freedom Report 2007 — India International Religious Freedom Report 2007. U.S. Department of State.
- ^ CIA's The World Factbook — India
- ^ Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs — Background Note: India
- ^ Rupert Goodwins. Smashing India's language barriers. ZDNet UK.
- ^ Kumar, Jayant. Census of India. 2001. September 4, 2006. Indian Census
- ^ http://www.pnas.org/content/103/4/843.full
- ^ http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2148-5-26.pdf
- ^ Hammer et al. 2005, S. Sahoo et al. 2006, R. Trivedi et al. 2007, Zhao et al. 2008
- ^ Semino et al. 2000, Kivisild et al. 2003, Metspalu et al 2004, Rajkumar et al. 2005, Chandrasekar et al. 2007, Gonzalez et al. 2007
[edit] External links
- Census of India; Govt. site with detailed data from 2001 census
- Census of India map generator; generates maps based on 2001 census figures
- Demographic data for India; provides sources of demographic data for India
- 2001 maps; provides maps of social, economic and demographic data of India in 2001
- Population cartogram of India
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