सीबीआई की तत्परता, समर्थन वापसी के दो दिन बाद ही छापे!अल्पमत सरकार के लिए बहुमत जुटाने के लिए और क्या क्या होता है देखते रहिये।
एक्सकैलिबर स्टीवेंस विश्वास
सीबीआई की तत्परता, समर्थन वापसी के दो दिन बाद ही छापे!द्रमुक द्वारा संप्रग सरकार से समर्थन वापस लिए जाने के दो दिन बाद सीबीआई ने आज पार्टी प्रमुख एम करुणानिधि के पुत्र एमके स्टालिन के आवास समेत 19 स्थानों पर छापेमारी की। केंद्रीय जांच एजंसी सीबीआई से जांच कराने की मांग राज्यों में खूब सुनायी पड़ती है। हर मामले में सीबीआई जांच परंपरा सी बन गयी है। सीबीआई जांच के दबाव में क्षत्रपों की नकेल साधने का आरोप भी नया नहीं है। आरोप लगाने वाले राजनेता भी हेलीकाप्टर सौदे में सीबीआई जांच पर कोई सवाल खड़े नहीं करते जबकि इस मामले के फैक्ट शीट में महामहिम राष्ट्रपति का नाम है, जिन्होने बतौर तत्कालीन रक्षा मंत्री इस सौदे को अंतिम रुप दिया था।वीवीआईपी हेलीकॉप्टरों की खरीद के लिए हुए 3,600 करोड़ रुपए के विवादित करार के बाबत रक्षा मंत्रालय को अगस्ता वेस्टलैंड और कथित बिचौलिये क्रिश्चियन मिचेल के बीच हुआ 'अनुबंध' हासिल हुआ है।सूत्रों ने बताया कि आंग्ल-इतालवी कंपनी अगस्ता वेस्टलैंड ने यह बताने के लिए 'अनुबंध' दिया है कि करार में किसी तरह की अनियमितता नहीं हुई। कंपनी ने मंत्रालय से कहा है कि यह संकेत देने के लिए ऐसा कुछ भी नहीं है कि मिचेल और अन्य लोग किसी गलत काम को अंजाम देने के लिए उसकी ओर से बहाल किए गए थे।आरोप है कि इतालवी नागरिक ग्विडो हेश्के को ब्रिटिश नागरिक मिचेल के साथ अगस्ता वेस्टलैंड की मूल कंपनी फिनमेकेनिका द्वारा बहाल किया गया था ताकि वे आंग्ल-इतालवी कंपनी के पक्ष में करार का रुख मोड़ सकें।इतालवी अभियोजकों के मुताबिक, अगस्तावेस्टलैंड के पक्ष में करार का रुख मोड़ने के लिए कथित तौर पर 362 करोड़ रुपए की रिश्वत अदा की गयी। भारतीय वायुसेना के पूर्व प्रमुख एसपी त्यागी एवं तीन अन्य के खिलाफ दायर प्राथमिकी में मिचेल को भी नामजद आरोपी बनाया गया है।
अल्पमत सरकार के लिए बहुमत जुटाने के लिए और क्या क्या होता है देखते रहिये!
क्योंकि खतरा अभी टला नहीं है। ममता दीदी ने इस नाजुक मौकेप र समर्थन का संकेत तो दे दिया , लेकिन मुलायम कठोर होने लगे हैं। देखना है कि सीबीआई के आगे और किस किस के खिलाफ कब कब इस्तेमाल होता है, जिसके लिए हम लोग अभ्यस्त हैं।
माकपा ने कहा कि द्रमुक नेता एम के स्टालिन के आवास पर छापे की कार्रवाई पार्टी द्वारा संप्रग सरकार से समर्थन वापस लिये जाने के 24 घंटे के भीतर की गयी और संप्रग को समर्थन कर रही पार्टियों के लिए यह स्पष्ट संकेत है ।माकपा नेता सीताराम येचुरी ने यहां संवाददाताओं से कहा कि द्रमुक के समर्थन वापसी के 24 घंटे के भीतर छापे मारे गये इसलिए सीबीआई को 'कांग्रेस ब्यूरो आफ इन्वेस्टिगेशन' ही कहा जा सकता है ।उन्होंने कहा कि प्रधानमंत्री ने भी इस घटना से पल्ला झाड लिया । जब सरकार के मुखिया प्रधानमंत्री को ही नहीं पता कि उनकी सरकार क्या कर रही है तो यह काफी दु:खद बात है ।येचुरी ने कहा कि सरकार के वरिष्ठ मंत्रियों को भी नहीं पता है कि छापे का आदेश किसने दिया । छापे को वही रूकवा सकता है, जिसने इस तरह की कार्रवाई का आदेश दिया । उन्होंने चुटकी ली कि सीबीआई के छापे संप्रग सरकार को समर्थन कर रही पार्टियों के लिए स्पष्ट संकेत है ।सरकार की स्थिरता के बारे में एक सवाल के जवाब में येचुरी ने कहा कि तृणमूल कांग्रेस के समर्थन वापसी के बाद ही यह अल्पमत वाली सरकार बन गयी थी । येचुरी इस सवाल को टाल गये कि क्या वाम दल सरकार के खिलाफ अविश्वास प्रस्ताव पेश करेंगे ।
भाजपा के वरिष्ठ नेता अरूण जेटली ने द्रमुक नेता एम के स्टालिन के घर सीबीआई के छापों की कार्रवाई बंद होने पर केन्द्र की आलोचना करते हुए प्रधानमंत्री मनमोहन सिंह से सवाल किया कि यदि सीबीआई सिर्फ अपना काम कर रही थी तो छापे रूकवाने की क्या आवश्यकता थी।सिंह ने छापों के समय को दुर्भाग्यपूर्ण बताते हुए गुरूवार को ही कहा कि सरकार ने सीबीआई को ऐसा करने का आदेश नहीं दिया था।बकौल जेटली, यदि सरकार ने छापे रूकवाये हैं तो यह सीबीआई के कार्य में हस्तक्षेप है। यदि सरकार वास्तव में हस्तक्षेप कर रही है तो वह इन आरोपों के लिए जवाबदेह है कि सीबीआई का दुरूपयोग किया जा रहा है।उन्होंने आगे कहा, सीबीआई यदि कानून के मुताबिक कार्य कर रही है तो सरकार को हस्तक्षेप का कोई अधिकार नहीं है। यदि प्रधानमंत्री के बयान को माना जाए तो यह सीबीआई द्वारा तलाशी की सामान्य घटना थी। सरकार को इसे रोकने का कोई अधिकार नहीं है।
विपक्ष ने सरकार की निन्दा करते हुए कहा कि वह राजनीतिक बैर निकाल रही है, क्योंकि छापे उस समय डाले गये, जब द्रमुक ने संप्रग सरकार से समर्थन वापस ले लिया।
भाजपा नेता प्रकाश जावडेकर ने कहा कि ये छापे साबित करते हैं कि सरकार सीबीआई का दुरूपयोग करती है। सरकार सत्ता में बने रहने के लिए कुछ भी करने को तैयार है । उन्होंने कहा कि भाजपा इस मुद्दे को संसद में उठाएगी।
द्रमुक नेता एमके स्टालिन के यहां सीबीआई छापे को लेकर उपजे राजनीतिक विवाद के बीच प्रधानमंत्री मनमोहन सिंह ने गुरुवार को कहा कि सरकार का इससे कोई लेना देना नहीं है और वह इस घटना से खिन्न हैं। सिंह ने यहां संवाददाताओं से कहा कि हम सभी इस घटनाक्रम से खिन्न हैं। सरकार की इसमें कोई भूमिका नहीं है। हम ब्यौरे का पता लगाएंगे। ऐसा नहीं होना चाहिए था। छापे का समय काफी दुर्भाग्यपूर्ण है।द्रमुक ने दो दिन पहले ही संप्रग सरकार से समर्थन वापस लिया है। उसके मंत्रियों ने कल ही इस्तीफा दिया है। पी चिदंबरम, कपिल सिब्बल और कमलनाथ सहित संप्रग में कांग्रेस के मंत्रियों ने सीबीआई छापों की निन्दा की है। केन्द्र सरकार ने इस कार्रवाई से खुद को अलग कर लिया है। उसका कहना है कि उसे इसकी जानकारी नहीं है। सीबीआई द्वारा छापे की कार्रवाई पूरी किये जाने की खबरों के बीच द्रमुक ने कहा कि यह कार्रवाई राजनीति से प्रेरित है।
देश की सरकार पर मंडरा रहे सबसे बड़े संकट के बीच उसके तीन मंत्रियों ने देश को भरोसा दिलाया है कि उसके पास बहुमत है यानी सरकार के बने रहने पर कोई खतरा नहीं है। उधर कल से लेकर अब तक के बीच समाजवादी पार्टी के स्टैंड में बड़ा बदलाव आया है। समाजवादी पार्टी ने अपना पैंतरा बदल दिया है और अब समर्थन पर वो गोलमोल जवाब दे रही है।
बेनी ने कहा था, कमीशन लेते रहो-समर्थन देते रहो मुलायम!
इस्पात मंत्री और कांग्रेस नेता बेनी प्रसाद वर्मा के बयान को लेकर संसद ठप है तो सरकार पर भी संकट का बादल छाए हुए हैं। वर्मा कह रहे हैं कि उन्होंने कोई विवादास्पद बयान नहीं दिया लेकिन गौंडा की सभा में 16 मार्च को उन्होंने जो कुछ कहा, उसे आप भी पढ़िएः-
'...कांग्रेस तुमको नहीं पूछने वाली है। समर्थन दे रहे हो इसलिए पैसा लेते रहो। खूब कमीशन खाओ...परिवार में लुटाओ...विदेश में जमा करो। बेनी प्रसाद वर्मा ये नहीं करेंगे। और अपराध और बेईमानी तो तुम्हारा पेशा है। सबसे बड़ा अभिशाप है इस प्रदेश के लिए मुलायम सिंह यादव। मायावती भी लुटेरी थीं लेकिन ये लुटेरा और गुंडा दोनों है। कैसे बचाओगे अपने प्रदेश को। आतंकवादियों से इसके रिश्ते हैं। बेनी प्रसाद वर्मा को मरवा डालोगे तो सौ बेनी प्रसाद पैदा होंगे। अभी तुम्हारा आखिरी कार्यकाल है। तुम क्या डराना चाहते हो। कांग्रेस तो पहाड़ थी उससे हम नहीं डरे, तो तुम तो अभी चुहिया हो'।
सपा सुप्रीमो मुलायम सिंह यादव बेनी प्रसाद वर्मा के इस्तीफे पर अड़े हैं। सरकार के लिए राहत की बात ये है कि मायावती कांग्रेस के साथ हैं।इस बीच एनसीपी ने संसद में श्रीलंकाई तमिलों को लेकर प्रस्ताव लाने का विरोध किया है। वहीं सरकार ने भरोसा दिया है कि संयुक्त राष्ट्र के प्रस्ताव में संशोधन पर वो विचार कर रही है। इस मुद्दे पर सरकार और सहयोगियों के बीच बातचीत जारी है। सरकार ने प्रस्ताव कड़े करने का समर्थन किया है। आज शाम तक प्रस्ताव पर फैसला आ सकता है। वित्तमंत्री पी चिदंबरम के मुताबिक उनकी राजनीतिक पार्टियों से बातचीत जारी है और वो सहमति बनाने की कोशिश कर रहे हैं। वित्तमंत्री चिदंबरम ने ये भी कहा है कि श्रीलंका को लेकर यूएन को देने वाले प्रस्ताव में सरकार संशोधन लाएगी।वहीं संसदीय कार्यमंत्री कमलनाथ ने विपक्ष के आरोप का जवाब देते हुए कहा है कि यूपीए सरकार को कोई खतरा नहीं है और न ही उनकी सरकार कमजोर है। हालांकि समाजवादी पार्टी के महासचिव रामगोपाल यादव के बयान पर जवाब देने के बदले कमलनाथ ने चुप्पी साध ली। आईबीएन7 से सुबह ही एक खास बातचीत के दौरान समाजवादी पार्टी नेता रामगोपाल यादव ने कांग्रेस पर गठबंधन धर्म न निभाने के आरोप के साथ प्रधानमंत्री पर भी सवाल उठाए थे।इस बीच समाजवादी पार्टी ने संसद के दोनों सदनों में केंद्रीय इस्पात मंत्री बेनी प्रसाद वर्मा के विवादित बयान को लेकर जमकर हंगामा किया है। वर्मा ने मुलायम सिंह यादव पर आतंकियों को संरक्षण देने का आरोप लगाया था। उधर मुलायम के पुत्र मुख्यमंत्री अखिलेश यादव ने कहा है कि सरकार को फिलहाल समर्थन जारी है लेकिन आखिरी फैसला मुलायम करेंगे। हालांकि उऩ्होंने ये भी कहा कि वो लोकसभा चुनाव के लिए तैयार हैं।
द्रमुक प्रमुख एम. करुणानिधि ने अपने पुत्र एमके स्टालिन के खिलाफ सीबीआई के छापों पर मच रहे हंगामे के बीच गुरुवार को इस बारे में सधी प्रतिक्रिया दी कि क्या केंद्रीय एजेंसी की कार्रवाई राजनीतिक प्रतिशोध है। उन्होंने कहा कि वह केंद्रीय मंत्रियों के बयानों को समझ सकते हैं कि छापे संप्रग सरकार की जानकारी के बिना पड़े ।साथ ही, करुणानिधि ने एक अलग बयान में कहा कि संप्रग से समर्थन वापसी का फैसला गहन विचार विमर्श के बाद सर्वसम्मति से लिया गया जिसमें पार्टी के वरिष्ठ नेता भी शामिल थे। उन्होंने इन खबरों को खारिज किया कि स्टालिन ने फैसले पर जोर दिया था। द्रमुक के 88 वर्षीय नेता ने स्टालिन के खिलाफ सीबीआई छापों पर प्रतिक्रिया देते हुए यहां संवाददाताओं से कहा कि द्रमुक को प्राय: राजनीतिक प्रतिशोध के लिए निशाना बनाया जाता रहा है। यह इस तरह की कार्रवाइयों में से हो सकती है या फिर नहीं भी हो सकती है।उन्होंने हालांकि, संकेत दिया कि उनका मानना है कि कार्रवाई सरकार की जानकारी के बिना की गई जैसा कि केंद्रीय मंत्रियों ने दावा किया है। करुणानिधि ने एक सवाल के जवाब में कहा कि यदि केंद्रीय मंत्री कहते हैं कि छापे (सरकार की) जानकारी के बिना पड़े तो मैं नहीं कह सकता कि मैं इस पर विश्वास नहीं कर सकता। छापों पर प्रतिक्रिया व्यक्त करते हुए द्रमुक के कोषाध्यक्ष स्टालिन ने कहा कि यह कार्रवाई 'राजनीतिक प्रतिशोध' है क्योंकि यह पार्टी के संप्रग से हटने के दो दिन बाद हुई और वह कानूनी ढंग से मामले का सामना करने को तैयार हैं।
सीबीआई छापे भी विरधियों को ध्वस्त करान का अचूक रामवाण है। यह फिर एक दफा साबित हो गया।लग्जरी कार की आयात में हुई गड़बड़ी के एक मामले में आज सीबीआई ने करुणानिधि के बेटे एम के स्टालिन के घर पर छापेमारी की। इस मामले में स्टालिन आरोपी नहीं हैं। इस पूरे मामले में छापे के वक्त को लेकर सीबीआई की मंशा पर सवाल उठ रहे हैं।जैसे ही डीएमके प्रमुख करुणानिधि के बेटे एम के स्टालिन के घर पर सीबीआई छापे की खबर फैली। चेन्नई में उनके घर के बाहर समर्थकों का सैलाब उमड़ पड़ा। गुरुवार सुबह-सुबह सीबीआई चेन्नई जोन की एक टीम एम के स्टालिन के घर आ धमकी। सीबीआई की टीम ने बुधवार शाम को ही इस मामले में डीआरआई की शिकायत पर केस दर्ज किया था।हालांकि सीबीआई को डीआरआई से इस मामले की शिकायत इसी साल फरवरी में मिली थी। ऐसे में सीबीआई के छापे की टाइमिंग को लेकर सवाल उठ रहे हैं। सीबीआई ऩे इस मुद्दे पर सफाई दी है। दरअसल सीबीआई स्टालिन के घर उस हमर गाड़ी की तलाश में गई थी जो कि स्टालिन के बेटे उदयनिधि के नाम है, लेकिन सीबीआई को वो गाड़ी नहीं मिली। ये गाड़ी 2007 में विदेश से मंगाई गई थी। उदयनिधि की ये गाड़ी भी डीआरआई की उसी शिकायत का हिस्सा थी जिसमें तमिलनाडु में आयात के बाद आई 33 लग्जरी गाड़ियों पर आयात नियमों के उल्लंधन का आरोप लगा था।
आरोप के मुताबिक आयात नियम के इस उल्लंघन की वजह से सरकार को 48 करोड़ का चूना लगा। सीबीआई ने इसी सिलसिले में चेन्नई और उसके आसपास के 18 जगहों पर छापेमारी कर 17 लग्जरी गाडि़यो को बरामद किया, इसमें लीमोजिन जैसी महंगी गाड़ियां भी शामिल हैं। सीबीआई ने इस मामले में लग्जरी कार के एक इंपोर्टर एलेक्स सी जोसेफ और एक वरिष्ठ डीआरआई अधिकारी मुरूगनन्दन को आरोपी बनाया है।
सीबीआई ने इनके खिलाफ आपराधिक साजिश,धोखाधड़ी, और भ्रष्टाचार निरोधक कानून की धाराओं के तहत मामला दर्ज किया है। दरअसल सीबीआई के छापे टाइमिंग को लेकर सवालों के घेरे में हैं। डीएमके नेता स्टालिन के घर पर सीबीआई छापा पड़ते ही सियासी बवाल खड़ा हो गया। हालत ये हुई कि खुद प्रधानमंत्री मनमोहन सिंह को सफाई देनी पड़ी। पीएम ने कहा कि सरकार का इससे कोई लेना देना नहीं है। लेकिन इन दावों को न स्टालिन मानने को तैयार हैं और न ही विपक्ष। हालांकि करुणानिधि के तेवर जरूर नरम पड़ गए हैं।
डीएमके प्रमुख एम करुणानिधि के बेटे एम के स्टालिन के घर पर पड़े सीबीआई छापे का शोर फौरन दिल्ली आ पहुंचा। मामला तमिलनाडु का है, सो अपना मंत्रालय ना होते हुए भी वित्त मंत्री पी चिदंबरम सफाई के लिए आगे आए। उन्होंने सीबीआई के कदम की आलोचना करते हुए कहा कि इन छापों के गलत मतलब निकाले जाएंगे। लेकिन स्टालिन पर चिदंबरम की सफाई का कोई असर नहीं हुआ। उऩ्होंने कहा कि वो इसका कानूनी जवाब देंगे। स्टालिन ने छापा मारने वाले अफसरों की गिरफ्तारी की मांग की।
हालांकि छापों के बाद डीएमके प्रमुख करुणानिधि के सुर नरम पड़ते दिखाई दिये। उन्होंने कहा कि उन्हें छापों की जानकारी ना होने के सरकार के बयान पर यकीन है। लेकिन इस पूरे विवाद ने विपक्ष को सरकार पर हमले का मौका दे दिया। विपक्ष ने सरकार पर सीबीआई के सियासी इस्तेमाल का आरोप लगाया। आय से अधिक संपत्ति मामले का मुकद्दमा झेल रही मायावती ने भी अपनी मिसाल देते हुए कहा कि सरकारें सीबीआई का इस्तेमाल करती हैं। बवाल इस कदर बढ़ा कि खुद प्रधानमंत्री मनमोहन सिंह को सफाई देनी पड़ी। प्रधानमंत्री ने कहा कि हम इन छापों से हैरान हैं। मुझे यकीन है कि सरकार का इससे कोई लेना देना नहीं है। ऐसा नहीं होना चाहिए था। हम इसका पता लगाएंगे। ऐसे वक्त पर छापे दुर्भाग्यपूर्ण हैं।
सूत्रों के मुताबिक कांग्रेस अध्यक्ष सोनिया गांधी ने भी नाराज़गी जताते हुए पीएमओ में राज्य मंत्री नारायणसामी से इस पर बात की। दरअसल इस पूरे विवाद की खास वजह ये है कि छापे डीएमके के यूपीए सरकार से समर्थन वापसी के दो दिन बाद पड़े हैं। एफआईआर में स्टालिन का नाम ना होने के बावजूद सीबीआई उनके घर पहुंची।
Central Bureau of Investigation
| Central Bureau of Investigation केंद्रीय अन्वेषण ब्यूरो Kendriya Anveshan Byuro | |||
| Common name | Central Bureau of Investigation | ||
| Abbreviation | CBI | ||
 | |||
| Seal of the Central Bureau of Investigation | |||
| Motto | Industry, Impartiality, Integrity | ||
| Agency overview | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Formed | 1 April 1963 | ||
| Preceding agency | Special Police Establishment (SPE) (1941) | ||
| Employees | Sanctioned: 6590 Actual: 5666 Vacant: 924 (14%) as on 31 December 2011[1] | ||
| Annual budget |  303.79 crore (US$56 million)(2011-2012)[1] | ||
| Legal personality | Governmental: Government agency | ||
| Jurisdictional structure | |||
| Federal agency | India | ||
| Governing body | Government of India | ||
| General nature |
| ||
| Operational structure | |||
| Headquarters | New Delhi, India | ||
| Agency executive | Ranjit Sinha, Director | ||
| Parent agency | Department of Personnel and Training | ||
| Child agency | Interpol National Central BureauIndia branch | ||
| Regions | |||
| Facilities | |||
| Branchs | 52 | ||
| |||
| Website | |||
| cbi.nic.in | |||
| this information | |||
The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is a governmental agency belonging toGovernment of India that jointly serves as a criminal investigation body. The CBI is a premier investigating police agency in India. It is an elite force playing a major role in preservation of values in public life and in ensuring the health of the national economy. It is also the nodal police agency in India which coordinates investigation on behalf of Interpol Member countries. The services of its investigating officers are sought for all major investigations in the country.
The agency was established in 1941 as the Special Police Establishment. The Central Bureau of Investigation was later established on 1 April 1963. Its motto is "Industry, Impartiality, Integrity".
The agency headquarters is a state-of-the-art building located in New Delhi. The agency has other field offices located in major cities throughout the India. The CBI is controlled by the Department of Personnel and Training in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pension of the Union Government usually headed by a Union Minister who reports directly to the Prime Minister. While analogous in structure to the FBI, the CBI's powers and function are severely limited to specific crimes based on Acts (mainly the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946). The CBI is the official Interpol unit for India.
The current CBI Director is Ranjit Sinha IPS
[edit]History
The Central Bureau of Investigation, traces its origin to the Special Police Establishment (SPE) (Hindi: विशेष पुलिस संस्थापन Vishesh Police Sansthapan), which was set up in 1941 by the Government of India. The functions of the SPE were to investigate cases of bribery and corruption in transactions with the War & Supply Department of India, which was set up during the course of World War II, with its headquarters at Lahore. The Superintendent of War Department and SPE was Khan Bahadur Qurban Ali Khan who later on became the Governor of North West Frontier Province on the creation of Pakistan. The first legal advisor of War Department was Rai Sahib Karam Chand Jain. Even after the end of the War, the need for a Central Government agency to investigate cases of bribery and corruption by Central Government employees was felt. Rai Sahib Karam Chand Jain continued to remain the Legal Advisor when this department was later transferred to the Home Department under the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act brought into force in 1946.
The scope of SPE was enlarged to cover all departments of the Govt. of India. The jurisdiction of the SPE extended to all the Union Territories and could be extended also to the States with the consent of the State Government concerned. Sardar Patel who was the Deputy Prime Minister of free India and was in charge of the Home Department took special interest in weeding out corruption from the erstwhile princely states like Jodhpur, Rewa, Tonk etc. Sardar Patel directed the Legal Advisor Karam Chand Jain to monitor the criminal proceedings against the Dewans/ Chief Ministers of these states.
[edit]CBI takes shape
As the CBI, over the years, established a reputation of being India's premier investigative agency with adequate resources to deal with complicated cases, demands were made on it to take up investigation of more cases of conventional crime such as murder, kidnapping, terrorism, etc. Apart from this, the Supreme court and even the various High Courts of the country also started entrusting such cases for investigation to the CBI on petitions filed by aggrieved parties. Taking into account the fact that several cases falling under this category were being taken up for investigation by the CBI, it was found expedient to entrust such cases to the Branches having local jurisdiction.
It was therefore decided in 1987 to constitute two investigation divisions in the CBI, namely, Anti-Corruption Division and Special Crimes Division, the latter dealing with cases of conventional crime, besides economic offences. The CBI reports to the Indian Government and not to the individual states.
[edit]Organisation and rank structure
The CBI is headed by a Director, an IPS Officer of the rank of Director General of Police or Commissioner of Police (State). Director is selected based on the procedure laid down by CVC Act 2003 and has a tenure of 2 years. The other important ranks in the CBI can be also handled by IRS as well as IPS officers are Special Director, Additional Director, Joint Director, Deputy Inspector General of Police,Senior Superintendent of Police, Superintendent of Police, Additional Superintendent of Police, Deputy Superintendent of Police. The rest are recruited directly by the CBI, Sub-Inspector, Assistant Sub-Inspector, Head Constable, Senior Constable and Constable.
According to annual reports Staff of CBI is usually divided between Ministerial staff, Ex-cadre posts which are usually of technical nature, Executive Staff and EDP Staff. Hindi Bhasha staff belongs to the Department of official languages.
Ministerial Staff includes LDC, UDC, Crime Assistants etc. Executive Staff includes Constables, ASI, Sub-Inspectors, Inspectors etc. EDP Staff includes Data Entry Operators, Data Processing Assistants, Assistant Programmers, Programmers and SSA.
[edit]Director
The CBI is headed by a Director, an IPS of the rank of Director General of Police or Commissioner of Police (State). He is selected based on the procedure laid down by CVC Act 2003 and has a tenure of minimum of 2 years.[2]
[edit]D. P. Kohli as director
The founder director of the CBI was D. P. Kohli who held office from 1 April 1963 to 31 May 1968. Before this, he was Inspector General of Police of the Special Police Establishment from 1955 to 1963. Before that he held responsible positions in police in Madhya Bharat, Uttar Pradesh andGovt. of India. He was Police Chief in Madhya Bharat before joining the SPE. Kohli was awarded 'Padma Bhushan' in 1967 for his distinguished services.
Kohli was a visionary who saw in the Special Police Establishment the potential of growing into the national investigative agency. He nurtured the organisation during his long stint as Inspector General and as Director and laid the solid foundation on which the organisation grew over the decades to become what it is today.
[edit]Appointment
Director is selected based on the procedure laid down by CVC Act 2003 and has a tenure of minimum of 2 years. It is worth noting that CVC Act 2003 was established on the similar lines of the directions of Supreme Court of India in the infamous hawala scam.[2]
[edit]Selection committee
The committee is empowered to recommend a panel of officers for the post of the Director of CBI. The committee consists of:
- Chief Vigilance Commissioner—Chairperson
- Vigilance Commissioners—Members
- Secretary, Home Ministry—Member
- Secretary (Coordination and Public Grievances) in the Cabinet Secretariat—Member
- While making any recommendation, the committee takes into consideration the views of the outgoing Director.[2]
The final selection is made by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet from the panel recommended by selection committee.[2][3]
[edit]Infrastructure
The CBI is headquartered at the Rs 186 crore(37.2 Million US$) new state-of-the-art building in New Delhi which is a 11-storey building housing all branches of the premier investigating agency under one roof and with many field offices in major cities in the country.[4]
This building is spread in around 7,000 sq. mt and equipped with modern communication systems, advanced systems for maintaining records, fitted storage space and computerised access control along with a provision of add-on facility for new technology. Interrogation rooms, lock-ups, dormitories and conference halls are also provided at various floors. The CBI headquarters offer to its staff a large cafeteria which can accommodate 500 persons, separate gyms for men and women, a terrace garden and a double level basement parking for about 470 vehicles. An advanced fire-fighting system, as well as power back-up is provided. Besides, there is a well designed Press Briefing Room and Media Lounge.[4]
CBI Academy at Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, started functioning in 1996. The Academy is situated towards east of Delhi, inGhaziabad district of Uttar Pradesh[5] at a distance of around 40 km from New Delhi Railway Station and about 65 km from Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi. It is spread over of 26.5 acres (107,000 m²) of lush green fields and plantations with a covered area consisting of the Administrative, Academic, Hostel and Residential Blocks. Prior to that a small Training Centre was functional at Lok Nayak Bhawan, New Delhi only for conducting short term in-service courses. CBI then, was dependent on State Police Training Institutions and NPA, Hyderabad for training basic courses of Dy.SsP, SIs and constables.
This Academy now caters to the training needs of all ranks of CBI. Training facilities for certain specialised courses are also made available to the officials of State Police, Central Police Organisations (CPO), Vigilance organisations of public sector undertakings, banks and government departments and Indian Armed Forces.
[edit]Jurisdiction powers, privileges and liabilities
The legal powers of investigation of CBI are derived from the DSPE Act 1946. This Act confers concurrent and coextensive powers, duties, privileges and liabilities on the members of Delhi Special Police Establishment (CBI) with Police Officers of the Union Territories. The Central Government may extend to any area, besides Union Territories, the powers and jurisdiction of members of the CBI for investigation subject to the consent of the Government of the concerned State. While exercising such powers, members of the CBI of or above the rank of Sub Inspector shall be deemed to be officers in charge of Police Stations of respective jurisdictions. The CBI can investigate only such of the offences as are notified by the Central Government under the DSPE Act.
[edit]Jurisdiction of CBI vis-a-vis State Police
Law and Order is a State subject and the basic jurisdiction to investigate crime lies with State Police. Besides, due to limited resources, CBI would not be able to investigate crimes of all kind. CBI may investigate:
- Cases which are essentially against Central Govt. employees or concerning affairs of the Central Govt. and the employees of the Central Public Sector Undertakings and Public Sector Banks.
- Cases in which the financial interests of the Central Government are involved.
- Cases relating to the breaches of Central Laws with the enforcement of which the Government of India is mainly concerned.
- Big cases of fraud, cheating, embezzlement and the like relating to companies in which large funds are involved and similar other cases when committed by organised gangs or professional criminals having ramifications in several States.
- Cases having interstate and international ramifications and involving several official agencies where, from all angles, it is considered necessary that a single investigating agency should be in charge of the investigation.
[edit]Power and jurisdiction of High Courts and Supreme Court
Notwithstanding above limitations, the High Courts and the Supreme Court of India have the power and jurisdiction to order a CBI investigation into a cognisable offence alleged to have been committed within the territory of a State without the consent of that State. This matter was settled by a five judge constitutional bench of Supreme Court of India (in Civil Appeal 6249, 6250 of 2001) on 17 Feb 2010. The bench said:
Being the protectors of civil liberties of the citizens, this Court and the High Courts have not only the power and jurisdiction but also an obligation to protect the fundamental rights, guaranteed by Part III in general and under Article 21 of the Constitution in particular, zealously and vigilantly.—A five judge constitutional bench of Supreme Court of India, [6]
At the same time, the court clarified that this extraordinary power must be exercised sparingly, cautiously and in exceptional situations.[6][7]
[edit]Former directors (1963 – present)
| Name[8] | Period | |
|---|---|---|
| D. P. Kohli | 1963–68 | |
| F. V. Arul | 1968–71 | |
| D Sen | 1971–77 | |
| S N Mathur | 1977 | |
| C V Narsimhan | 1977 | |
| John Lobo | 1977–79 | |
| R D Singh | 1979–80 | |
| J S Bajwa | 1980–85 | |
| M G Katre | 1985–89 | |
| A P Mukherjee | 1989–90 | |
| R Sekhar | 1990 | |
| Vijay Karan | 1990–92 | |
| S K Datta | 1992–93 | |
| K V R Rao | 1993–96 | |
| Joginder Singh | 1996–97 | |
| R C Sharma | 1997–98 | |
| D. R. Karthikeyan | 1998 | |
| T N Mishra | 1998–99 | |
| Dr. R K Raghavan | 4 Jan 1999 – 30 Apr 2001 | |
| P C Sharma | 30 Apr 2001 – 6 Dec 2003 | |
| U S Misra | 6 Dec 2003 – 6 Dec 2005 | |
| Vijay Shanker Tiwari | 12 Dec 2005 – 31 Jul 2008 | |
| W Ashwini Kumar | 2 Aug 2008 – 30 Nov 2010 | |
| Amar Pratap Singh | 30 Nov 2010 – 30 Nov 2012 | |
| Ranjit Sinha | 30 Nov 2012 - present | |
[edit]Right to Information (RTI)
CBI is exempted from the purview of Right to Information Act. This exemption was granted by Govt of India on 9 June 2011 (along withNational Investigating Agency (NIA), Directorate General of Income Tax Investigation and the National Intelligence Grid (Natgrid)) on the basis that CBI handles cases related to national security. However, this move was criticised by Central Information Commission as well as various RTI activists saying this blanket exemption is not in the letter and spirit of RTI Act.[9] Six petitions were filed in various high courts challenging the validity of the notification. Madras High Court on 9 September upheld the validity of the exemption. Govt of Indiaon 20 December 2011 filed a petition in the Supreme Court seeking transfer of all pending cases before various high courts to theSupreme Court.[10]
[edit]Criticism
[edit]Corruption in CBI
Because of its intensely political overtones,[11] it has been exposed by its former bigwigs like Joginder Singh and BR Lall who were Director and Joint Director respectively, to be engaging in nepotism, mal-prosecution and outright corruption. In his book, Who Owns CBI, BR Lall, an honest and upright officer details the modus operandi of manipulating and derailing investigation[12] This organisation has become synonymous with corruption[13][14] as information obtained under the RTI Act has revealed. Even the Top Bosses are known for stooping to illegal fund diversions.[15] RTI activist Krishnanand Tripathi has alleged harassment from CBI in order to save itself from exposure through RTI.[16] CBI has now been exempted from RTI act.[17]
[edit]Mishandling of cases
Normally, cases assigned to the CBI are sensitive and of national importance. It is a usual practice for the respective state police departments, to initially register any case coming under its jurisdiction, and if necessary, through mediation by the central government, the cases may be transferred to the CBI. The CBI handles many high profile cases, and is never far from controversy. The CBI has come under severe criticism recently for its mishandling of several scams.[18][19]
[edit]Bofors scandal
In January 2006, it was found that CBI had quietly unfrozen bank accounts of Italian businessman Ottavio Quattrocchi, one of the prime accused in the Bofors scandal of 1986 which had tainted the Rajiv Gandhi government.[20] The CBI was responsible for the inquiry into the Bofors Case. Associates of then prime minister Rajiv Gandhi were linked to alleged pay-offs made in the mid-1980s by the Swedish arms firm AB Bofors, with $40 million in kickbacks moved from Britain and Panama to secret Swiss banks. The 410 howitzer field guns purchased in the $1,300 million arms sale were reported to be inferior to those offered by a French competitor.
The CBI, which unfroze Rs 21 crore in a London bank in accounts held by Bofors scam accused Quattrocchi and his wife Maria in 2006, has facilitated his travel across the globe by asking Interpol to take him off the "wanted" list on 29 Apr 2009. Following a communication from the CBI, Interpol withdrew the Red Corner Notice against Quattrocchi.[21] The development, that came barely three weeks before the end of the Manmohan Singh government's tenure, brought the issue of the Bofors scandal back to centre stage. It is often suspected that ruling governments interfere with the work of the CBI, and the handling of the Bofors investigation by CBI under Congress governments has created a new synonym for CBI. After letting off the Bofors accused, Oppositions have never tired to call it the 'Congress Bureau of Investigation'.[22][23]
[edit]Hawala scandal
In 1991 an arrest linked to militants in Kashmir led to a raid on hawala brokers, revealing evidence of large-scale payments to national politicians. The prosecution that followed was partly prompted by a public interest petition (see Vineet Narain), and yet the court cases of the Hawala scandal eventually all collapsed without convictions. The CBI's role was again criticised. In concluding the Vineet Narain case, the Supreme Court of India directed that the Central Vigilance Commission should be given a supervisory role over the CBI.[24]
[edit]Priyadarshini Mattoo murder case
The CBI has been under a cloud owing to its handling of the Priyadarshini Mattoo case, in which Santosh Kumar Singh, the alleged murderer of a 22-year-old law student was acquitted for what the case judge called "deliberate inaction" by the investigating team. The accused was the son of a high-ranking officer in the Indian Police Service, due to which the case had been shifted from the regular police force to the CBI. However, the 1999 judgment commented on how "the influence of the father of the accused has been there".
Embarrassed by the judgment, the-then CBI Director, R K Raghavan, requested two Special Directors, P C Sharma and Gopal Achari, to study the judgement. Subsequently the CBI appealed the verdict in Delhi High court in 2000, after which the High Court issued a bailable warrant against the accused. The case was again prominent in 2006 after much media coverage and public bashing (this was mainly due to a similar acquittal in another high profile case, though not handled by the CBI). The CBI filed an application for early hearing in July 2006. The High Court subsequently found Santosh Kumar Singh guilty of rape and murder and awarded a death sentence for the same in October 2006.[citation needed]
[edit]Nithari Killings
The CBI was given the responsibility of investigating the murders of dozens of children in the Nithari village near Noida, UP. This was after the local police was found to be incompetent and lethargic in their investigations. The serial killings were in the Indian and international media for weeks since decomposing bodies were found outside the house of the accused Moninder Singh Pandher.
[edit]Dawood Ibrahim case
In August 2007, the CBI asked its Pakistani counterpart, the Federal Investigation Agency, for its comments on recent media reports about the detention of Dawood Ibrahim by authorities in Karachi.
[edit]Sister Abhaya murder case
Sister Abhaya murder case concerns a nun, who was found dead in a water well in Saint Pius X convent hostel in Kottayam, Kerala on 27 March 1992. Altogether there were five CBI inquiries into the murder case so far without any tangible results.
[edit]Sohrabuddin case
CBI has been accused of acting for the ruling party Congress (UPA) to trap its opposition party mainly BJP. CBI, which is dealing with the Sohrabuddin case in Gujarat, questioned Geeta Johri an IPS officer, who claims the CBI is pressuring her to falsely implicate former Gujarat Minister Amit Shah in the Sohrabuddin fake encounter case, Rajkot Police Commissioner Geeta Johri has alleged in the Supreme Court.[25]
[edit]Sant Singh Chatwal case
Sant Singh Chatwal was an accused in the CBI's records for 14 years. CBI had filed two chargesheets naming him as accused; sent Letters Rogatory abroad; even sent a probe team to the US and put Chatwal and his wife behind bars from 2 to 5 February 1997. On 30 May 2007 and 10 August 2008, former CBI Directors Vijay Shankar and Ashwani Kumar respectively signed orders saying there was no need to challenge the discharge of Sant Singh Chatwal and his co-accused. This was done in spite of advice of a string of investigators – including a Special Director and Joint Director – and it was decided not to appeal his discharge.
This, in effect, closed the principal case of bank fraud in which Chatwal had been embroiled for over a decade. Along with four others, Chatwal was charged with being part of a "criminal conspiracy" to defraud the Bank of India's New York branch to the tune of US $8,992,815 (Rs 28.32 crore). In all, four chargesheets were filed by the CBI, with Chatwal named as accused in two. The trials in the other two cases are still in progress. RTI applicant Krishnanand Tripathi was denied access to public information concerning the closed cases. CIC later ordered the CBI to disclose the information. But CBI has recently been exempted from RTI act and it is unclear if this information will be disclosed. Sant Singh Chatwal has been awarded with Padma Bhushan despite these cases.[26][27][28]
[edit]Malankara Varghese murder case
The Malankara Varghese murder case concerns the death of T. M. Varghese also known as Malankara Varghese, a member ofMalankara Orthodox Church's managing committee and a timber merchant in 5 December 2002.On 9 May 2010 charged Father Varghese Thekkekara, a priest and manager of the Angamali diocese in the rival Jacobite Syrian Christian Church (a part of the Syriac Orthodox Church) with conspiracy in the murder of Malankara Varghese and named him as the prime accused. Till date, the prime accused has not been arrested, CBI is highly being criticised for this by Kerala High Court and Media.[29]
[edit]Bhopal gas tragedy
The public perceived that the CBI was very ineffective in trying the Bhopal gas tragedy case. The former CBI joint director B. R. Lall has now confessed that he was asked to remain soft on extraditing the Union Carbide CEO Warren Anderson,[30] and dropped charges, including culpable homicide, against those accused in this case, who received two-year sentences.[31]
[edit]2G Spectrum Scam
Radio spectrum which is a precious and scarce natural resource of national importance was allotted by UPA government at throwaway prices to companies through corrupt and illegal means. Supreme Court of India pulled up the CBI many times for its tardy progress in the investigations.[32][33] It was only after the SC decided to monitor its investigations[34][35][36] that CBI moved faster and arrests of high profile persons were made.
[edit]Reforms
[edit]Amendment of single directive principle
Due to Section 6A of the Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act, even for initiating a preliminary inquiry against officers of the level of Joint Secretary and above, prior permission has to be taken from the minister of the concerned department. This is called single directive. Due to conflict of interest and other reasons, it is held up for months and as a result, big-ticket corruption is not covered effectively by the CBI.[37]
In 2012, a group of 6 former CBI Directors and the then director AP Singh suggested that the power to grant permission (if at all necessary) should be given to the Lokpal.[38]
[edit]Amendment of section 19 of Prevention of Corruption Act
Section 19 of Prevention of Corruption Act says that, no court shall take cognisance unless it is sanctioned by the competent authority to remove the accused from service.[37]
A group of 6 former CBI Directors suggested that this power should be given to the Lokpal.[38]
[edit]Amendments in Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC)
Section 197 of the CrPC (which applies not only to the CBI but also to the police) makes prior government sanction mandatory for prosecution.[37][39] The group of 6 former CBI Directors suggested that this needs to be amended and the power should be given to the Lokpal.[38]
Section 377 and 370 of the CrPC, provide the power of appeal and revision in criminal cases to the government.[40] Under the Section 24 of the CrPC, the power to appoint public prosecutors is exercised by the government.[41] Requests for appeal and revision have been turned down by the government.[38]
A group of 6 former CBI Directors suggested that power to file appeals and appoint lawyers should be given to the CBI. Similar request was made by former CBI Director UC Misra to the Standing Committee on the CBI, but it was turned down.[38]
[edit]Convictions
CBI has a high conviction rate.
| Year | Conviction Rate |
|---|---|
| 2011 | 67%[1] |
| 2010 | 70.8%[42] |
| 2009 | Not Available |
| 2008 | 66.2%[43] |
| 2007 | 67.7%[44] |
[edit]In popular culture
- The CBI franchise is a series of Malayalam films directed by K. Madhu, scripted by S. N. Swami, and starring Mammootty asSethurama Iyer, a celebrated fictitious CBI officer. Till 2011, four films have been released in the series while a fifth one is in production. The films so far released are: Oru CBI Diary Kurippu (1988, A CBI diary note), Jagratha (1989, Caution), Sethurama Iyer CBI (2004) and Nerariyan CBI (2005, CBI in pursuit of truth).
- S.P. Balasubrahmanyam plays the role of CBI officer Laxminarayan in the 1993 Tamil Thiruda Thiruda where CBI chases a stolen RBI money vault.
- Zayed Khan plays the role of CBI officer Vishal Malhotra in the 2003 Hindi Chura Liyaa Hai Tumne.
- Arjun plays the role of CBI officer Vivek Varma in the Tamil Bommalattam.
- Vikram plays the role of Kanthasamy, a CBI officer in the 2009 Tamil Kanthaswamy.
- Sanjay Kapoor plays the role of Ali Khan in 2010 Prince movie.
- Shankar Nag plays the role of a CBI officer in movie CBI Shankar.
[edit]References
- ^ a b c "cbi_annual_report_2011". p. 62. Archived from the original on 2012-05-03. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
- ^ a b c d "CVC Act". CVC. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
- ^ "Parl panel agrees on appointment of CBI head". 1 December 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
- ^ a b http://www.indianexpress.com/news/pm-inaugurates-new-cbi-headquarters-building/783864/
- ^ "Welcome to CBI Academy School of eLearning". cbiacademy.gov.in.
- ^ a b "Supreme Court judgement on power of courts to order CBI probe". indiankanoon.org. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
- ^ "Courts can order CBI probe without states' consent: SC".The Economic Times. 17 February 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
- ^ "CBI history and former directors". CBI. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
- ^ "Central Information Commission slams CBI's proposed exemption from RTI". 3 July 2011. Retrieved 2 June 2012.
- ^ "Centre moves SC for keeping CBI out of RTI". 20 December 2011. Retrieved 2 June 2012.
- ^ http://www.firstpost.com/politics/cbis-on-off-raids-how-congress-bureau-of-investigation-works-669666.html
- ^ Mohan, Vishwa (27 November 2006). "Origin of Hawala funds were not traced". India Times.
- ^ "CBI Arrests Own Cop in Bribery Case". The Outlook India. 17 September 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
- ^ "Adarsh Scam: CBI Arrests Own Lawyer, Ex-Cong MLC". 6 March 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
- ^ Saikat Datta (21 September 2009). "Grease on the Lens". outlookindia.com. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
- ^ Anshuman G Dutta (4 June 2011). "CBI is harassing me". mid-day.com. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
- ^ Neeraj Chauhan (11 June 2011). "CBI exempted from RTI Act". indiatimes.com. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
- ^ "CBI has long history of listening to its political master's voice". The Sunday Guardian. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
- ^ "Restoring Public Confidence in CBI". outlook india. 30 December 2010. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
- ^ "Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) – India".
- ^ "Bofors scam: Quattrocchi off CBI's wanted list". The Times of India (NEW DELHI). 28 Apr 2009. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
- ^ "CBI is Congress Bureau of Investigation: BJP". Rediff.com. 26 July 2010<!- – 18:07 IST -->. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
- ^ "CBI is now Congress Bureau of Investigation: Amar". The Indian Express. 11 Feb 2009 at 1613 hrs IST. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
- ^ "Vineet Narain Case, Directions of the Court". 2 November 2006.
- ^ J. Venkatesan (29 August 2010). "CBI putting pressure on me: Geeta Johri". The Hindu. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
- ^ Ritu Sarin (30 January 2010). "For his Padma, Chatwal should thank two directors of the CBI". The Indian Express. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
- ^ "CIC tells CBI to release Chatwal discharge reports". The Times of India. 12 May 2011. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
- ^ "CIC Judgment for disclosure of information by CBI". 11 May 2011. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
- ^ "Malankara Varghese murder: HC questions CBI". The New Indian Express. 1 June 2010. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
- ^ "Was told to go soft on Warren Anderson: Former CBI official". NDTV.
- ^ http://www.theistimes.com/tag/ucil/
- ^ Last Updated: 14 December 20:18 pm IST (15 January 2010)."SC pulls up CBI for tardy spectrum probe". Thestatesman.co.in. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
- ^ "2G spectrum scam: Supreme Court pulls up CBI | India News | Indian Current Affairs | News Today India | News | Latest News | News Today". International Reporter. 29 October 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
- ^ "2G spectrum scam: Don't let anyone influence you, says Supreme Court to CBI". Ndtv.com. 16 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
- ^ "Supreme Court decides to monitor 2G scam probe: Investigations News – India Today". Indiatoday. intoday.in. 16 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
- ^ "SC to monitor CBI probe into 2G spectrum scam – India News – IBNLive". Ibnlive.in.com. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
- ^ a b c A. G. NOORANI (28 October – 10 November 2000). "The law and its potency". The Frontline Magazine (22). Archived from the original on 30 August 2012. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
- ^ a b c d e "Govt pressured to file politically suitable status reports in the Taj Corridor Case before the SC". Tehelka Magazine. 5 January 2012. Archived from the original on 30 August 2012. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
- ^ "CrPC section 197". Archived from the original on 21 October 2010. Retrieved 26 September 2012.
- ^ "CrPC – Section 377". Archived from the original on 2 February 2010. Retrieved 26 September 2012.
- ^ "CrPC – Section 24". Archived from the original on 26 Dec 10. Retrieved 26 September 2012.
- ^ "CBI annual report 2010". cbi.gov.in.
- ^ "CBI annual report 2008". cbi.gov.in.
- ^ "CBI annual report 2007". cbi.gov.in.
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